How to buffer vibration and impact in the bracket of textile equipment
In textile equipment, the bracket serves as a key structure for supporting and fixing core components such as rollers, spindles, guide rollers, and pulp shafts. Its design for buffering vibration and impact needs to be combined with the operating characteristics of textile equipment, such as high-speed operation and continuous reciprocating motion. This is achieved through four core means: structu
In textile equipment, the bracket serves as a key structure for supporting and fixing core components such as rollers, spindles, guide rollers, and pulp shafts. Its design for buffering vibration and impact needs to be combined with the operating characteristics of textile equipment, such as high-speed operation and continuous reciprocating motion. This is achieved through four core means: structural optimization, material selection, damping design, and connection method improvement. The specific principles and application scenarios are as follows:
1、 Absorbing vibration and impact energy through "elastic material embedding"
This is the most basic way of bracket buffering design, by embedding elastic materials at the connection between the bracket and the supported components, or between the bracket and the equipment rack, using the material's "deformation ability" to absorb vibration waves and impact stresses, avoiding rigid transmission:
Common elastic materials and application scenarios:
1. Rubber/silicone pad:
Adaptation scenario: Textile components that support low-speed operation (such as yarn guide rollers, tension roller brackets). Rubber/silicone has high elasticity and damping properties. Custom sized rubber pads are embedded between the "support arm and roller shaft bearing seat" of the bracket. When the yarn guide roller vibrates due to yarn tension fluctuations, the rubber pads absorb vibration energy through compression/rebound deformation, avoiding vibration transmission to the frame and causing resonance; At the same time, when the equipment starts or stops or the yarn breaks, the rubber pad can buffer the impact force and prevent wear caused by rigid collision between the roller shaft and the bracket.
Characteristic requirements: Wear resistant and aging resistant nitrile rubber or silicone rubber should be selected (due to the high fiber dust and humidity in textile workshops, ordinary rubber is prone to aging), and the hardness should match the load (such as using rubber with a Shore hardness of 50-60 for supporting yarn rollers weighing less than 10kg, and using rubber with a Shore hardness of 70-80 for supporting heavier pulp shafts).
2. Spring components:
Adaptation scenario: supporting high-speed or heavy-duty components (such as the roller bracket of the roving machine, the slurry shaft bracket of the sizing machine). Install spiral springs or disc springs between the "fixed base and movable support block" of the bracket. When the roller rotates at high speed (up to 1000-3000r/min) and generates periodic vibrations, the spring offsets the vibration displacement through expansion and contraction deformation; If there is an impact load generated during the lifting or replacement of the slurry shaft (such as the self weight of the slurry shaft being 50-100kg, and the instantaneous impact force when falling can reach 200kg), the spring can gradually compress and buffer the impact to avoid cracking of the bracket structure.
Design points: The "stiffness coefficient" of the spring needs to be correctly matched with the load (if the stiffness is too small, it can easily cause component shaking, resulting in poor buffering effect), and it needs to be matched with a guide sleeve to prevent lateral displacement of the spring (textile equipment moves back and forth frequently, and spring displacement can cause support failure).
3. Polyurethane elastomer:
Adaptation scenario: High precision textile components (such as spinning machine spindle holder, digital printing machine tape holder). Polyurethane combines elasticity and rigidity. A polyurethane elastic layer (thickness 3-5mm) is poured between the "spindle seat and base" of the bracket, which can absorb micro vibrations generated by high-speed rotation of the spindle (speed 10000-15000r/min) through elastic deformation, while ensuring the coaxiality of the spindle (polyurethane deformation is controllable to avoid accuracy deviation); Meanwhile, polyurethane is resistant to oil and chemical corrosion (suitable for lubricating oil and slurry residue in textile workshops), and its service life is 3-5 times longer than ordinary rubber.
2、 Disperse vibration and impact stress through "bracket structure optimization"
Based on structural mechanics design, by weakening the rigid transmission path and increasing stress dispersion points, the influence of vibration and impact on core components is reduced. Common structural designs include:
1. Hollow/honeycomb shaped support arm: If the support arm of the textile bracket (such as the transverse support beam of the roller bracket) adopts a solid structure, vibration will be directly transmitted along a rigid path; After being changed to a hollow or honeycomb structure, the "rigidity distribution" of the support arm is uneven, and the vibration wave in the hollow area will be weakened due to "path extension and energy dissipation". For example, the support arm of the carding machine's doffer bracket adopts a honeycomb design, which can reduce the vibration amplitude generated by the doffer rotating at high speed (500-800r/min) by 30% -50%, avoiding the occurrence of holes in the cotton mesh due to vibration.
2. Arc/bend type buffer structure: Design an arc or bend structure at the stress concentration point of the bracket (such as the connection end between the bracket and the frame, the stress point of the supporting components), and use "structural deformation" to buffer the impact. For example, the spool holder of the winding machine adopts an arc-shaped transition (rather than a right angle rigid connection) at the root of the frame connection. When the spool is replaced, the impact generated by the worker placing the spool (instantaneous force of about 10-15kg) will be dispersed to the entire holder through the small deformation of the arc-shaped structure, rather than concentrated at the root causing cracking; At the same time, the curved structure can also reduce the reflection of vibrations (right angle structures are prone to reflecting vibration waves, causing secondary resonance).
3. Adjustable Suspension Support: For core components that operate at high speeds (such as the main nozzle bracket of a jet loom), a "suspension" structure is adopted - the bracket is connected to the frame through multiple elastic support points (such as rubber columns and spring combinations), rather than being rigidly fixed. When the jet loom produces high-frequency vibration during high-speed weaving (speed 600-1000 revolutions per minute), the suspension structure allows for slight adaptive displacement of the support (displacement controlled at 0.1-0.3mm), which is offset by "displacement compensation" to avoid the main nozzle from deviating due to vibration and causing weft yarn spraying deviation (weft yarn deviation can cause weft breakage and affect weaving efficiency).
3、 Preventing vibration transmission through 'damping element integration'
Damping elements prevent the generation and transmission of vibration at the root by "consuming vibration energy" (converting vibration energy into thermal energy or other forms of energy). They are commonly used in the bracket design of high-speed and high-precision textile equipment
1. Hydraulic/pneumatic dampers: Suitable for heavy-duty textile equipment brackets (such as warp beam brackets for sizing machines and large roll loading brackets for towel looms). Integrate hydraulic dampers into the lifting or moving mechanism of the bracket. When the warp beam (with a self weight of up to 200-500kg) is loaded and unloaded on the bracket, the hydraulic damper slowly releases the impact energy through "oil throttling", allowing the warp beam to smoothly contact the bracket and avoid deformation caused by rigid impact; At the same time, when low-frequency vibrations are generated during axial operation, hydraulic dampers can dissipate vibration energy through the viscous resistance of the oil, increasing the vibration attenuation speed by 2-3 times.
2. Friction damping structure: Friction plates (such as a combination of metal friction plates and asbestos gaskets) are designed at the active connection parts of the bracket (such as between the bearing seat and the support arm of the roller bracket). When the roller rotates and generates vibration, the relative sliding between the friction plates will generate friction, which converts the vibration energy into thermal energy and consumes it. For example, the roller bracket of the roving machine adopts a friction damping design, which can reduce the vibration frequency of the roller from 50-100Hz to 20-30Hz, avoiding uneven thickness of the roving due to vibration (the unevenness of the yarn can be reduced by 10% -15%).
3. Viscoelastic damping coating: Spray viscoelastic damping coating (such as asphalt based damping coating, polyurethane damping coating) on the surface of the bracket (especially on the vibration transmission path of the support arm, base, etc.), with a coating thickness of usually 0.5-1mm. When the vibration wave is transmitted to the surface of the bracket, the viscoelastic coating will undergo "hysteresis deformation" (deformation speed lags behind the vibration speed), which consumes vibration energy through internal friction between molecules and is suitable for preventing high-frequency micro vibrations (such as 1000-2000Hz high-frequency vibration of the spinning machine spindle bracket), without affecting the structural strength and installation space of the bracket.
4、 Reduce rigid collisions through improved connection methods
The connection method between textile racks and equipment racks, or with supported components, directly affects the transmission efficiency of vibration and impact. By replacing "rigid bolt fixation" with "flexible connection", the buffering effect can be greatly improved
1. Elastic bolt connection: Traditional brackets are directly fixed to the frame with ordinary bolts, and vibration is transmitted rigidly through the bolts; After changing to "elastic bolt" (bolt outer set with spring washer+rubber sleeve), the rubber sleeve can cushion the vibration friction between the bolt and the bracket hole, while the spring washer can absorb the loosening stress generated by the bolt due to vibration. For example, the rapier belt bracket of a rapier loom is connected by elastic bolts, which can reduce the impact noise generated by the reciprocating motion of the rapier belt (with a speed of up to 3-5 m/s) by 15-20 decibels, while avoiding the bracket displacement caused by long-term vibration loosening of the bolts.
2. Pin sleeve flexible connection: A "pin sleeve structure" is used at the connection between the bracket and the supported component (such as the yarn guide roller) - the shaft end of the yarn guide roller is inserted into the pin sleeve of the bracket, leaving a small gap (0.05-0.1mm) between the pin sleeve and the shaft, and filled with lubricating grease and elastic sealing rings. When the yarn guide roller vibrates, the shaft can make small radial or axial movements inside the pin sleeve, reducing rigid collisions through "gap compensation"; At the same time, the elastic sealing ring can further absorb vibration, avoiding tension fluctuations in the yarn due to the vibration of the yarn guide roller.
3. Magnetic buffer connection: For lightweight textile components (such as the tape guide bracket of digital printing machines), a combination connection method of "permanent magnet+elastic pad" is adopted - the bracket base is embedded with a permanent magnet, which is magnetically attached to the frame, and a thin rubber pad is placed between the permanent magnet and the frame. When the guide belt runs at high speed (up to 10-15 m/min) and generates vibration, the magnetic force can maintain the basic positioning of the bracket, while the rubber pad buffers the vibration; If there is a sudden impact (such as the guide tape deviating and hitting the bracket), the magnetic force can allow for slight displacement of the bracket, avoiding rigid collisions that may cause the guide tape to tear or damage the bracket.
Home
Product
Wechat
Telephone